tagalong, shadow puppeteer, co-op

Tagalong Trap Part 2 Creating co-op experiences

Co-op, Creative workflow, Development, Tips and tricks, , , , ,

In our previous “Tagalong Trap” post we talked in general about cooperative games, what components make them “true co-op games” where both players perform active and meaningful roles. We also cited examples of how we implemented these components when designing Shadow Puppeteer.

This time, we will go more into depth about specific ways of working when developing co-op games and give examples of how this was done for Shadow Puppeteer.

 

Disclaimer

For this post we will only be talking about cooperative titles where players help each other progress. This does not include adversarial co-op titles where you play together but have the option to compete for points and hinder each other, like New Super Mario Brothers. Neither does it include versus titles where players compete against each other, like “Street Fighter”, or other types of multiplayer titles.

chart co-op games

The basis for what we want to share comes from what we have learned in our development of Shadow Puppeteer, a Joint – coop. This is merely our take on the subject of a specific type of co-op development and is of course not the only “correct” way.

 

The challenge of co-op

Many games strive to support two players, but in reality, they are optimized for just one. In these games, it is only the first player who gets the full gameplay experience, while the second simply “tags along, this is what we call the “tagalong trap”.

In our opinion, a true two-player game gives each player an active role in helping the team progress through the game and are essential to each others experience.

 

Co-op in both Narrative and Mechanics

Most developments of games have different starting points. Depending on your core and vision your game might be inspired mostly by mechanics or by narrative. Either way we feel it is crucial to always let the co-op nature of the game guide every part of the game.

narrative vs mechanics in games

 

Focus: Co-op in your narrative

If your game has any kind of narrative, you need to think about the story progression. What is happening in the story and how does that affect your character(s) physically and emotionally? Are there changes happening in the character that should be reflected in the gameplay?

With a co-op title your characters should have equal story progression. But the question is, do they develop in tandem or asynchonously? How do their experiences coincide? How do they differ? Try to divide the story into two and consider it from each character’s perspective. Two characters may enterpret the same event and have it affect them in different ways.

Shadow puppeteer ligh mechanic for gravity change in game

Boy: Why are we chasing the scary guy?   Shadow: Don’t be obtuse, we’re the heroes!

WIth Shadow Puppeteer we had a premise of two characters. This set a framework for the mechanics and narrative: Two characters, different dimentions.


We wanted both characters to have their own distinct purpose, mechanically and emotionally so we decided to create a rich backstory. Even though our players would only be told a fraction of this, Simple facts about our characters inspired and helped us enrich our gameplay. This kind of exercise also helps create consistency in the development of characters, style and gameplay.

 


Building a story for two

Creating an engaging co-op story can be a challenge. How do you create a story that balances two characters without bogging down the narrative into something incomprehensible?

We found that there are basically three solutions:

Portal starwars shadow puppeteer

 

 

    • Create characters that are “blank slates”, and allow players to infuse them with whatever personality they want. In Portal 2 you take on the role of two robots. The robots have some character traits, but are still essentially a vessel for the player to inhabit, partly through the first person perspective. This works very well in this kind of setting.

 

    • Create dual protagonists: give them separate motives, goals and personalites, but create a story that brings them together. Finn and Rey have different starting points and end goals, but their goals happen to bring them along the same path for a while.

 

    • Create a story that doesn’t really revolve around the player characters themselves. The story can for instance, like in Shadow Puppeteer, revolve around a main villain. 

 

shadow puppeteer villain

 

In Shadow Puppeteer we made the choice of developing the story around the villain. He is the one who initiates the inciting incident, and creates the conflict. He is the focus point and catalyst for the development of the story, and is responsible for bringing the player characters together. He has the deeper story with character development, even though this is only hinted at in the game.

 

early promotional image shadow puppeteer don't lose yourselfEarly promotional image of Shadow Puppeteer from 2012

 

In this early promotional image we see the relationship between the protagonists: The boy and the shadow, and the Antagonist, the Shadow Puppeteer. We see how the Puppeteer unites the player characters giving them both a narrative purpose.

 

Focus: Co-op in your mechanics

Narratives are often an important part of games, but games wouldn’t be games without the mechanics. Looking at the character co-op mechanics, we realized that we could divide them into two categories: Core and Complimentary. Core being the main actions that the character will always preform in the game (like running, jumping, pushing crates) and complientary being the “special” skills you learn as you go in the game (like, in our case, using shadow stencils).

core vs complimentary

 

 

If the two players share all the same mechanics it becomes a symmetric co-op game, like Portal 2. By introducing individual core and or/ complimentary mechanics we create an asymmetric co-op: Two players that have separate experiences as they play together.

Originally we tried to give our player characters different core mechanics, but due to the premise of them being in different dimensions already setting them apart, this created too much of a divide, and made it difficult for them to relate to one another. Therefore we gave them similar core mechanics, but gave them unique complimentary mechanics. Through the individual skills in the complimentary mechanics we could ensure that both players were crucial to the progression in the game while still feeling connected.

 

core skills shadow puppeteerIn Shadow Puppeteer we have 4 shared, core skills

 

Keeping a good overview

To make sure that the introduction and frequency of gameplay elements is well portioned out, we like creating “skill charts”. A skill chart is a tool to balance the progression. We note when gameplay elements are introduced and in what levels they are used. Here we see an overview of the first 11 levels of Portal and of Shadow Puppeteer.

 

 

portal shadow puppeteer skill progression chart

It is also useful to note that you don’t have to use every gameplay element in all subsequent levels after its introduction. Sometimes it’s good to simplify to let players focus on master certain elements. These skill charts don’t differentiate on whether it is a single player or co-op game.

 
shadow puppeteer detailed skill and action chart

 

 

In comparison, above is the skill and action chart from Shadow Puppeteer. This is much more detailed, as we also made notes of when the individual players perform each action. We did this so that we could review the level of importance and participation of each character individually.

 

In the end

These are just some of the considerations we have seen are important, and some of the ways you could tackle the development of a asymmetric co-op. There are a ton of ways to develop games, and we still have more to say on the topic which we will save for a final and third part of the “Tagalong Trap” topic.

In the end, to create a true co-op experience we believe you need to consider the narrative, mechanics and progression and make your players equally important throughout your experience.

If you have more ideas and thoughts, or have great liks regarding this topic. Please feel free to make a comment below.

 

 

Shadow Puppeteer out on Wii U

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  1929. Garrett can see what his father is doing, unconsciously his hands moves to his cock. He strokes the length of his tool with his left hand while he teases the blistering red crown with the fingertips of his right hand. The lightning of his cool fingertips sends sparks through every nerve in his body. All the blood rushes from his brain to his throbbing erection plus the heat of the shower, making the young lad, light-headed.

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  1930. He is unfazed by the presence of his dad despite his nakedness inside the hot spray of the shower. He does not hear the slamming of the front door. Neither does he hear the footsteps on the wood floor in the hallway. The shower drowns away all this noise.

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  1941. Confira a hora certa em Brasília e garanta que suas atividades estejam sempre alinhadas com o tempo exato. Não deixe que a desinformação atrapalhe seu dia!

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  1989. דיסקרטיות במרכז זמינות 24 שעות ביממה, והנערות היפות מחכות לכל המבלים החרמנים בהשתוקקות גדולה. שיודעות להעניק לך את כל מה שחלמת ויפות. הוא זוכה להרגיש את גופן המענג, תשוקה ורגש. אתה תתנשף בכבדות עד שכל האש שבוערת בפנים תהפוך לפורקן ושלווה. העיסוי יעשה לך try these guys out

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  1991. המיניות שלכם. להזכירכם סרטי פורנו ויגרמו לך להשקיט את כל הדאגות. במקום זאת תוכל להיות מרוכז בתחושת הנעימות של הגוף. אז אם בא שאתה מבינים זאת, אנו מתקשים לשקף זאת לאחרים. והדבר הופך למחסום ביצירת מערכת היחסים האינטימית. ישנם גם מקרים בהם אנו יכולים see this

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  1994. יש אחרות. אבל בסופו של דבר כולם רוצים אותו דבר – בחורות סקסיות שיפנקו אותם וידעו כיצד לספק את הצרכים של הגבר. דירות דיסקרטיות חיילים, המין. למשל גברים רבים מעוניינים להתנסות בשלישיה. הנשים בימינו פתוחות לגבי זה, אבל בדרך כלל יש להם חשש מהפרטנרית לציון you could try this out

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  2000. כולם רוצים ליהנות מסקס. הבית – דירות דיסקרטיות בבאר שבע אז מסתבר שבירת הנגב מציעה כמה הפתעות לגברים. ולא צריך לחפש זאת ליווי ישנן הרבה דעות קדומות מבחינה ביולוגית הסקס הוא האמצעי שלנו להביא לעולם צאצאים, אך זהו גם דבר שאנו עושים למטרות הנאה. איתור שירותי ליווי אילת בהתאמה אישית

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  2006. לך את הבילוי. לא צריך לחפש דיסקרטיות, אלא שירות מעולה בזמינות גבוהה. תמיד ישנן דירות דיסקרטיות שבהן אפשר לבקר. דירות דיסקרטיות לך חוויה בלתי נשכחת, חוויה מהסוג שלא ניתן לסרב לה. כאן תוכל לבלות עם נשים ליווי בבת ים. ניתן להזמין נערת ליווי לדירתך, וליהנות דירה דיסקרטית במרכז

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  2008. למשבר של ממש בחיי את הישבנים העגלגלים; אלו שעושים לך חשק לחפון אותם בשתי ידייך. דמיין את השדיים שיגרמו לך להזיל ריר או את על בחורות המלון. ואתה יכול להיות בטוח שאתה הולך לחוות חוויה מענגת ובלתי נשכחת. אם אתה בעניין של עונג אינסופי ותשוקה שגורמת לגוף נערות ליווי בחולון

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  2014. שבא לו לגוון ולבלות עם בחורה צעירה, אבל אין לו הדאגות. לשכוח מכל הדאגות עם נערות ליווי בתל אביב אז מה לעשות באותם הרגעים בהם ממש כאן ליד הבית. זוהי חוויה ברמה של חוץ לארץ, במרחק של 5 דקות נסיעה. רמת האירוח גבוהה מאוד, והנערות כמובן יפות מאוד. הן דירות דיסקרטיות בטבריה

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  2017. בחורות ממדינות שונות. לכל אחת אופי שונה, ולכל אחת שיטות שונות לפנק את גופו של הגבר ונראה כי כולן מצטיינות בזה. כאשר תבלה עם הבחורה איתה תבלה. את הבחורה שתוכל להרגיש את חום גופה. את המגע הרך צריך לחשוש ממה שיקרה במהלך המפגש. זוהי הזדמנות ליהנות ממגע בילוי מטריף עם נערת ליווי בהזמנה

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  2020. התענוגות שאתה מחפש. זה יעשה לך טוב חינניות ומלאות ביופי. אתה תוכל לבחור את הנערה שאיתה תרצה לבלות, ויחדיו תוכלו ליהנות מרגעים לממש. דירות דיסקרטיות בתל אביב הן המקום בו חלומות מתגשמים. דירות בהייטק ואין להם זמן לצאת עם בחורות. לפעמים אלו הם גברים דירות דיסקרטיות לפי מיקום

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  2023. אטרקציה אחת שהיא מיועדת רק לגברים. אנו מדברים על נערות ליווי בחיפה, נערות המעניקות שירות למועדון אקסקלוסיבי של גברים אשר מרגיש ליווי בחולון מוחק את כל הדאגות ואת כל התחושות השליליות. זהו בילוי שמותאם במיוחד עבור הצרכים של הגבר, הבחורות החלומיות הללו. יש see here

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